PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALLUVIAL SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USES
Khasanova Amina Khanpashaevna - Jr. Researcher at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Soil Science, Astrakhan State University named after V.N. Tatishchev, Russia, 414056, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str. , 20a,
Kolesnikov Sergey I. - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, 344006, Rostov-on-Don, B. Sadovaya st., 105/42, kolesnikov@sfedu.ru
Yakovleva Lyudmila V. - D. Sc. (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of biotechnology, aquaculture, soil science and land management, Astrakhan State University named by V.N. Tatischev, Russia, 414000, Astrakhan, Shaumyana Str., 1, yakovleva_lyudmi@mail.ru
The study of the physicochemical properties of alluvial soils is of particular importance in the context of increasing land degradation, intensification of agricultural production, and changing land use regimes in arid landscapes. The aim of this study was to investigate the particle size distribution and physicochemical properties of alluvial soils in the Astrakhan region under different types of land use. The results showed that the studied soils are classified as sandy loam in terms of texture, with a variable silt content ranging from 1% to 21%. The analysis of cation exchange capacity (CEC) revealed a wide range of values (10 to 30 mmol/eq per 100 g), with a predominance of exchangeable magnesium, which contributes to reduced water permeability and the intensification of dispersion processes. Correlation analysis revealed spatial heterogeneity of soil characteristics and their dependence on land use type. Humus content in fallow soils is less than 2%, while in irrigated arable soils it exceeds 3%. The study highlights the need to consider the specific features of alluvial soils when assessing their current condition and potential fertility. The obtained data can serve as a basis for further monitoring of soil changes in arid zones.
Key words: Alluvial soils, correlation, particle size distribution, humus content, exchangeable cations, lands under different types of land use.
