MINERAL NUTRITION IS THE KEY TO THE YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

Tyutyuma Natalya Vladimirovna  -  Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director, Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, 416251, Astrakhan region, village Solenoye Zaimishche, sq. Northern, 8, pniiaz@mail.ru

Zvereva Galina Nikolaevna  -  Ph.D. economy in Economics, Associate Professor at the Department of Management, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Associate Professor, Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет, Russian Federation, 400002, Volgograd, University Avenue, 26, gzvereva@list.ru

Kuznetsova Elena Andreevna  -  Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Department "Technology of processing and food systems", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Volgograd State Agrarian University", Russian Federation, 400002, Volgograd, Universitetsky Ave., 26,

The conducted experiment predetermined the directions of the search for new technological methods of durum wheat cultivation, the essence of which is to preserve and reproduce the natural fertility of the southern chernozem. Previously developed postulates of the use of mineral nutrition entailed the introduction of large (more than 505) slags with mineral fertilizers, which are fillers of mineral fertilizers. It is no secret that they contain many heavy metals that negatively affect soil fertility. We have proposed pre-sowing seed treatment with new generation biofertilizers. The research program was reduced to trying to find an alternative replacement for traditional mineral nutrition, replacement with biofertilizers. The root mass of durum wheat has a specific mycorrhiza, which has the peculiarity of interacting more actively with soil microorganisms. The use of biofertilizers together with the calculated amount of mineral nutrition predetermine more comfortable conditions for the vital activity of soil microorganisms. In parallel with the zoned varieties, promising wheat varieties were sown, which had greater plasticity and adaptability to arid conditions. As a result, biofertilizers had a positive effect on the process of soil microbiological operations. The positive interaction of the durum wheat root system with new generation biofertilizers has been established. The experiment was conducted in 2020-2023 in the Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region, in the fields of the farm "Eliseev A.N.", located in the southern chernozem zone. In the agrobiological variety testing, durum wheat varieties were taken: Donskoy elegia, Krasnokutka 13 (spring forms) and varieties: Donskoy Agate and Aksinite (winter forms). The seed material was treated with biofertilizers and mineral nutrition was introduced for a given yield. A four-year experiment allows us to conclude that biofertilizers (Bog +, Gumi 20) may well compete with conventional mineral nutrition. Working with biofertilizers (as the least energy-consuming means for their purchase), they are able to increase productivity spring wheat in the Gumi 20 + N147P55K90 variant is up to 4.72 t/ha (Donskoy Elegia variety), and winter durum wheat (Aksinite) is up to 5.47 t/ha. At that time, the yield in the control variants of these varieties was 2.53 and 3.18 t/ha, respectively.

Key words: biofertilizers, winter durum wheat, spring durum wheat, Gumi 20, Benefit+; spring wheat variety Donskoy Elegia, spring wheat variety Krasnokutka 13, winter wheat variety Aksinit, winter wheat variety Agate Donskoy.